Product Description
In the fast-evolving world of additive manufacturing, choosing the right material is crucial for achieving desired outcomes in terms of durability, performance, and cost-effectiveness. Stainless Steel 316L Powder, an austenitic alloy renowned for its corrosion resistance, has emerged as a preferred choice for 3D printing applications across various industries.
Stainless Steel 316L Powder is a fine particulate material composed of an austenitic stainless steel alloy. It is characterized by its high strength, excellent corrosion resistance, and ease of fabrication. The "L" in 316L stands for "low carbon," which minimizes carbide precipitation during welding or heat treatment, preserving intergranular corrosion resistance. The alloy composition includes iron, chromium, nickel, and molybdenum, with chromium and molybdenum significantly enhancing its resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion.
The composition of Stainless Steel 316L Powder is optimized for corrosion resistance, with the following elements contributing to its outstanding properties:
- Iron (Fe): Balance
- Chromium (Cr): 16-18% for corrosion resistance
- Nickel (Ni): 10-14% as an austenite stabilizer
- Molybdenum (Mo): 2-3% for enhanced pitting and crevice corrosion resistance
- Carbon (C): ≤ 0.03% for reduced carbide precipitation
These elements contribute to the mechanical and physical properties that make 316L Powder ideal for demanding applications:
- Corrosion Resistance: Exceptional resistance to acids, alkalis, salts, and organic chemicals.
- Strength: High yield and tensile strength, enhanced by finer grain sizes.
- Heat Resistance: Suitable for continuous service up to ~900°C.
- Biocompatibility: Non-toxic and highly biocompatible, ideal for medical implants.
Stainless Steel 316L Powder is widely used in additive manufacturing due to its versatility and exceptional properties. Here are some industries where 316L Powder finds extensive applications:
In the aerospace industry, 316L Powder is used to manufacture high-strength, lightweight components like turbine blades and structural brackets. Its high strength-to-weight ratio and corrosion resistance make it ideal for parts exposed to harsh environmental conditions.
316L Powder is preferred for producing medical implants such as knee and hip replacements, spinal rods, and dental fixtures. Its excellent biocompatibility and corrosion resistance ensure safety and durability in medical applications.
The automotive sector utilizes 316L Powder for creating custom fasteners, sensors, and lightweight chassis parts. Its high mechanical strength and corrosion resistance contribute to the longevity and performance of automotive components.
Known as "marine grade" stainless steel, 316L Powder is used for manufacturing shafts, fittings, couplings, and propellers in marine environments. Its resistance to salt air and chloride makes it suitable for components frequently exposed to seawater.
Stainless Steel 316L Powder offers several benefits that make it an ideal choice for additive manufacturing:
- Corrosion Resistance: Up to 25-30% better pitting and crevice corrosion resistance compared to other grades.
- Bio-Compatibility: Safe for prolonged skin contact and use in medical implants.
- High Mechanical Strength: Tensile strength exceeding cast/wrought 316L properties.
- Fatigue Performance: High fatigue limit resulting in long component lifespans.
- Cost-Effectiveness: Comparable in cost to 316 SS and cheaper than exotic alloys.
- Custom Alloys: Possibility to engineer powder compositions tailored to specific applications.
| Property | Iron-Based Alloy Powders | Stainless Steel (316L) | Nickel Alloys (Inconel 625) | Titanium (Ti-6Al-4V) |
| Density (g/cm³) | 7.4–7.9 (varies by alloy) | 7.9 | 8.4 | 4.4 |
| Hardness (HRC) | 20–65 (depends on heat treatment) | 25–35 | 20–40 (annealed) | 36–40 |
| Tensile Strength (MPa) | 300–1,500+ | 500–700 | 900–1,200 | 900–1,100 |
| Corrosion Resistance | Moderate (improves with Cr/Ni) | Excellent | Excellent | Excellent |
| Max Operating Temp. (°C) | 500–1,200 (alloy-dependent) | 800 | 1,000+ | 600 |
| Cost (vs. Pure Fe = 1x) | 1x–5x (alloy-dependent) | 3x–5x | 10x–20x | 20x–30x |
Injection molding of powder injection molding technology
Compared with traditional process, with high precision, homogeneity, good performance, low production cost, etc. In recent years, with the rapid development of MIM technology, its products have been widely used in consumer electronics, communications and information engineering, biological medical equipment, automobiles, watch industry, weapons and aerospace and other industrial fields.
| Grade | Chemical Nominal Composition(wt%) |
| Alloy | C | Si | Cr | Ni | Mn | Mo | Cu | W | V | Fe |
| 316L | | | 16.0-18.0 | 10.0-14.0 | | 2.0-3.0 | - | - | - | Bal. |
| 304L | | | 18.0-20.0 | 8.0-12.0 | | - | - | - | - | Bal. |
| 310S | | | 24.0-26.0 | 19.0-22.0 | | - | - | - | - | Bal. |
| 17-4PH | | | 15.0-17.5 | 3.0~5.0 | | - | 3.00-5.00 | - | - | Bal. |
| 15-5PH | | | 14.0-15.5 | 3.5~5.5 | | - | 2.5~4.5 | - | - | Bal. |
| 4340 | 0.38-0.43 | 0.15-0.35 | 0.7-0.9 | 1.65-2.00 | 0.6-0.8 | 0.2-0.3 | - | - | - | Bal. |
| S136 | 0.20-0.45 | 0.8-1.0 | 12.0-14.0 | - | | - | - | - | 0.15-0.40 | Bal. |
| D2 | 1.40-1.60 | | 11.0-13.0 | - | | 0.8-1.2 | - | - | 0.2-0.5 | Bal. |
| H11 | 0.32-0.45 | 0.6-1 | 4.7-5.2 | - | 0.2-0.5 | 0.8-1.2 | - | - | 0.2-0.6 | Bal. |
| H13 | 0.32-0.45 | 0.8-1.2 | 4.75-5.5 | - | 0.2-0.5 | 1.1-1.5 | - | - | 0.8-1.2 | Bal. |
| M2 | 0.78-0.88 | 0.2-0.45 | 3.75-4.5 | - | 0.15-0.4 | 4.5-5.5 | - | 5.5-6.75 | 1.75-2.2 | Bal. |
| M4 | 1.25-1.40 | 0.2-0.45 | 3.75-4.5 | - | 0.15-0.4 | 4.5-5.5 | - | 5.25-6.5 | 3.75-4.5 | Bal. |
| T15 | 1.4-1.6 | 0.15-0.4 | 3.75-5.0 | - | 0.15-0.4 | - | - | 11.75-13 | 4.5-5.25 | Bal. |
| 30CrMnSiA | 0.28-0.34 | 0.9-1.2 | 0.8-1.1 | - | 0.8-1.1 | - | - | - | - | Bal. |
| SAE-1524 | 0.18-0.25 | - | - | - | 1.30-1.65 | - | - | - | - | Bal. |
| 4605 | 0.4-0.6 | | - | 1.5-2.5 | - | 0.2-0.5 | - | - | - | Bal. |
| 8620 | 0.18-0.23 | 0.15-0.35 | 0.4-0.6 | 0.4-0.7 | 0.7-0.9 | 0.15-0.25 | - | - | - | Bal. |
Powder specification:
| Particle Size | Tapping Density | Particle Size Distribution(μm) |
| | (g/cm³) | D10 | D50 | D90 |
| D50:12um | ＞4.8 | 3.6- 5.0 | 11.5-13.5 | 22-26 |
| D50:11um | ＞4.8 | 3.0- 4.5 | 10.5-11.5 | 19-23 |
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FAQ
1. What types of stainless steel powders are used in 3D printing?
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Common grades include 316L (excellent corrosion resistance), 17-4 PH (high strength and hardness), 304L (general-purpose use), and 420 (wear resistance). Each grade has specific properties suited for different applications.
2. What is the typical particle size for stainless steel powders in 3D printing?
3. Can stainless steel powders be reused?
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Yes, unused powder can often be recycled by sieving and blending with fresh powder. However, excessive reuse can degrade powder quality, so regular testing is recommended.
4. What safety precautions should be taken when handling stainless steel powders?
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Avoid inhalation or skin contact by using gloves, masks, and protective clothing.
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Store powders in a dry, airtight container to prevent moisture absorption.
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Handle powders in a well-ventilated area or under inert gas to minimize explosion risks.
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